Water wells refer to excavation in the ground that are meant to provide access to groundwater for domestic as well as commercial use. Excavation of wells is done through various methods such as driving, boring, digging, and drilling. The choice of method is determined by various factors such as cost and type of well that is intended to be dug. When in need of some of the most experienced water well drillers West Texas is the best location to check out.
Wells have one of the longest histories. Their history is almost comparable to that of human existence. Original types were primitive and shallow. However, better technology has made them very sophisticated. Currently, there are methods that ensure a high level of convenience, efficiency, and simplicity in the excavation process.
Classification of wells basing on the method used to excavate them places them into three main groups, that is, driven, dug, and drilled wells. The most traditional type is the dug wells. These wells are dug by hand and are more common in rural areas because they are inexpensive. Driven wells are more advanced and extend deeper than dug varieties.
The aquifer in which wells reach can also be used to classify these excavations besides basing on the excavation technique used. Under this classification criterion are two types of wells only, that is, confined/deep and unconfined/shallow wells. Those that only reach the upper aquifer are called unconfined while deep ones are called confined. Deep wells expend to aquifers lying between impermeable strata of rock.
The purpose of a well is the third way of classifying them. This classification criterion produces two classes of wells, that is, monitoring and pumping/production wells. Diameters in production wells are larger, sometimes exceeding 15 centimeters. Materials such as plastic, metal, and concrete are used to case the diameters. These wells need to be pumped to supply water.
Monitoring wells are also called piezometers. These ones have smaller diameters compared to their pumping counterparts. They are used for monitoring hydraulic heads or for sampling groundwater to be studied for presence of chemical constituents. Classification based on the use of a well is usually rather vague given the fact that monitoring wells can be used for pumping while pumping wells can be utilized passively for monitoring purposes.
Contamination is often a major problem in wells, especially shallow ones. Wells may be contaminated by pathogens, chemicals or several other materials from different sources. Pathogen contaminants include fungi, parasites, viruses, and bacteria and they result from human or animal fecal materials. Fecal materials usually come from on-site sanitation systems like septic tanks and pit latrines.
Contaminants of chemical nature are also common sources of contamination. Chemical contaminants have their origin in sewage sludge, fertilizer, and sewage and they exist in form of nitrates. Gasoline and dry-cleaning also produce chemical contaminants such as VOCs. Other sources are rocket fuel, airbag inflators, and pesticides. Groundwater is also contaminated by minerals because of leaching. Arsenic, lead, chromium VI, uranium, and radon are common kinds of mineral contaminants.
Wells have one of the longest histories. Their history is almost comparable to that of human existence. Original types were primitive and shallow. However, better technology has made them very sophisticated. Currently, there are methods that ensure a high level of convenience, efficiency, and simplicity in the excavation process.
Classification of wells basing on the method used to excavate them places them into three main groups, that is, driven, dug, and drilled wells. The most traditional type is the dug wells. These wells are dug by hand and are more common in rural areas because they are inexpensive. Driven wells are more advanced and extend deeper than dug varieties.
The aquifer in which wells reach can also be used to classify these excavations besides basing on the excavation technique used. Under this classification criterion are two types of wells only, that is, confined/deep and unconfined/shallow wells. Those that only reach the upper aquifer are called unconfined while deep ones are called confined. Deep wells expend to aquifers lying between impermeable strata of rock.
The purpose of a well is the third way of classifying them. This classification criterion produces two classes of wells, that is, monitoring and pumping/production wells. Diameters in production wells are larger, sometimes exceeding 15 centimeters. Materials such as plastic, metal, and concrete are used to case the diameters. These wells need to be pumped to supply water.
Monitoring wells are also called piezometers. These ones have smaller diameters compared to their pumping counterparts. They are used for monitoring hydraulic heads or for sampling groundwater to be studied for presence of chemical constituents. Classification based on the use of a well is usually rather vague given the fact that monitoring wells can be used for pumping while pumping wells can be utilized passively for monitoring purposes.
Contamination is often a major problem in wells, especially shallow ones. Wells may be contaminated by pathogens, chemicals or several other materials from different sources. Pathogen contaminants include fungi, parasites, viruses, and bacteria and they result from human or animal fecal materials. Fecal materials usually come from on-site sanitation systems like septic tanks and pit latrines.
Contaminants of chemical nature are also common sources of contamination. Chemical contaminants have their origin in sewage sludge, fertilizer, and sewage and they exist in form of nitrates. Gasoline and dry-cleaning also produce chemical contaminants such as VOCs. Other sources are rocket fuel, airbag inflators, and pesticides. Groundwater is also contaminated by minerals because of leaching. Arsenic, lead, chromium VI, uranium, and radon are common kinds of mineral contaminants.
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