Excavation is the primary activity of a construction scheme. The process starts from the pits of the building foundations and continues up to the completion of the project. The process involves site clearance, setting out and safety excavation measures based on the depth of pit. Construction of small buildings can be done by use of manual tools such as spades and crow bars. Mechanical equipment will be required for large buildings. The following procedures are involved in foundation excavation in Layton.
Site clearance is the preliminary activity of construction. The site should be cleared of vegetation, stumps of trees and brushwood construction before the construction work is commenced. All tree roots should be removed to a minimum of 30cm below the groundwork level. All pits left after the removal of roots or caused by old groundwork should be filled up with soil and compressed.
A groundwork layout ought to be set. This is done by establishing a benchmark at the site and connecting it to the next yardstick. Depending on the land terrain and the significance of the building, you should take 5-10m or 4-8m interval site levels. Stretching strings can be used to mark the centre lines of the wall across wooden pegs. If you need to set the correct angle of a perpendicular wall, you can use theodolites or tapes to mark their center lines.
When dealing with soft and loose soils, you should do open planking. Horizontal boards are placed against each excavation side. Vertical boards that are matched to similar pieces of timber on opposite side of the trench are used to support them. One should avoid risks associated with the collapse of the trench. Careful withdrawal of the wood pieces will help to prevent such risks.
All groundwork constructions below the subsoil water level must be dewatered. This is because most constructions pose problems of waterlogging. Several operations such as laying bed concrete and construction of masonry posts should be carried out. Therefore, all works will be carried out effectively if the constructional area is dry.
Another important aspect to consider in foundation excavation is maintaining the water table. It must be retained to a level of 0.5m below the bottom ground surface to enhance dryness. It will be important to select different online websites that provide information on construction work. More importantly, you should identify a site that offers the most efficient and cost-effective ways clearing water on the working sites.
Cement concrete is used in building a masonry wall. A ratio of 1:4:8 of cement, sand and coarse aggregate is used. The coarse aggregate size must be of 40mm. However, lime concrete can also be used for this purpose. To ease your work, you can use mechanical concrete mixers. Concrete must be compacted and well laid in 15 layers.
The concrete should be protected by moist gunny bags after two hours of laying. After 24 hours, regular curing should be done and be continued for ten days. However, construction over the bed concrete can be started three days after laying the concrete. A leveling course of lean concrete of 75mm is laid to make an even column foundations and raft foundation.
Site clearance is the preliminary activity of construction. The site should be cleared of vegetation, stumps of trees and brushwood construction before the construction work is commenced. All tree roots should be removed to a minimum of 30cm below the groundwork level. All pits left after the removal of roots or caused by old groundwork should be filled up with soil and compressed.
A groundwork layout ought to be set. This is done by establishing a benchmark at the site and connecting it to the next yardstick. Depending on the land terrain and the significance of the building, you should take 5-10m or 4-8m interval site levels. Stretching strings can be used to mark the centre lines of the wall across wooden pegs. If you need to set the correct angle of a perpendicular wall, you can use theodolites or tapes to mark their center lines.
When dealing with soft and loose soils, you should do open planking. Horizontal boards are placed against each excavation side. Vertical boards that are matched to similar pieces of timber on opposite side of the trench are used to support them. One should avoid risks associated with the collapse of the trench. Careful withdrawal of the wood pieces will help to prevent such risks.
All groundwork constructions below the subsoil water level must be dewatered. This is because most constructions pose problems of waterlogging. Several operations such as laying bed concrete and construction of masonry posts should be carried out. Therefore, all works will be carried out effectively if the constructional area is dry.
Another important aspect to consider in foundation excavation is maintaining the water table. It must be retained to a level of 0.5m below the bottom ground surface to enhance dryness. It will be important to select different online websites that provide information on construction work. More importantly, you should identify a site that offers the most efficient and cost-effective ways clearing water on the working sites.
Cement concrete is used in building a masonry wall. A ratio of 1:4:8 of cement, sand and coarse aggregate is used. The coarse aggregate size must be of 40mm. However, lime concrete can also be used for this purpose. To ease your work, you can use mechanical concrete mixers. Concrete must be compacted and well laid in 15 layers.
The concrete should be protected by moist gunny bags after two hours of laying. After 24 hours, regular curing should be done and be continued for ten days. However, construction over the bed concrete can be started three days after laying the concrete. A leveling course of lean concrete of 75mm is laid to make an even column foundations and raft foundation.
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